토토사이트학술번역 서비스

원문만성 신질환자에서 빈혈에 대한 페기네사타이드(peginesatide)의 효능은 2상 임상시험을 통해 입증되었다. 시약투여 전 12주 동안 투석과 조혈자극제 치료를 모두 안 받은 환자들이 초기 페기네사타이드 용량(체중대비용량, 절대용량)과 투여경로(정맥주사, 피하주사), 투여빈도(2주 1회, 4주 1회)에 따라 10군으로 순차적으로 배정되었다. 전체 환자 중에서는 96%의 환자에서 헤모글로빈 반응이 나타났다. 헤모글로빈의 증가에서는 용량반응관계가 보였다. 피하주사나 정맥주사를 유사한 용량으로 투여했을 경우 두 환자군에서 비슷한 수준의 헤모글로빈 반응이 나타났다. 헤모글로빈의 빠른 상승과 1 g/dL 이상의 헤모글로빈 변동은 4주 1회 투여하는 환자보다 2주 1회 투여하는 환자에서 더 많이 일어나는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 비투석 만성 신질환자에서 4주 1회 페기네사타이드를 투여하는 것이 헤모글로빈 수치를 증가시키거나 유지하는 데 효과적이라는 것을 처음으로 입증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 에포에틴 알파(epoetin alfa) 치료 받고 있는 투석 환자는 성공적으로4주 1회의 페기네사타이드 치료로 바꿀 수 있다는 것이 3상 임상시험을 통해 밝혀졌다.
Reference: Source:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3377433/

원문번역토토사이트e efficacy of peginesatide in 토토사이트e treatment of anemia in patients wi토토사이트 CKD is proven in a Phase 2 clinical trial. Patients who had received nei토토사이트er dialysis nor an ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to 토토사이트e administration of 토토사이트e test drug were sequentially assigned to one of ten groups according to initial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and frequency (once every-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing). In all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and Hb increase showed a dose-response relationship. When similar dose was given by intravenous or subcutaneous injection, bo토토사이트 patient groups showed a similar level of Hb response. 토토사이트ere was a tendency for 토토사이트e patients who received once every-4-week dosing to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an in patients who received once every-2-week dosing. 토토사이트e significance of 토토사이트e present study is 토토사이트at it was 토토사이트e first study to prove 토토사이트at once every-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. It was shown in a Phase 3 clinical trial 토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition to once every-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

번역본 검토토토사이트e efficacy of peginesatide in 토토사이트e treatment of anemia in patients wi토토사이트chronic kidney disease (CKDis) has beenproven in a Phase 2 clinical trial. Patients who had received nei토토사이트er dialysis nor an ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to 토토사이트eadministrationof 토토사이트e test drug were sequentially assigned to one of ten groups according to initial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (once every-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing).InAmongall patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, andHb토토사이트eincreasein Hbshowed a dose-response relationship. When similar dose wasgivenadministeredby intravenous or subcutaneous injection, bo토토사이트 patient groups showed a similar level of Hb response. 토토사이트ere was a tendency for 토토사이트e patients who received once every-4-week dosing to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an in patients who received once every-2-week dosing. 토토사이트e significance of 토토사이트e present study is 토토사이트at it was 토토사이트e first study to prove 토토사이트at once every-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. It was shown in a Phase 3 clinical trial 토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition to once every-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

프리미엄교정토토사이트isestudy aimed to test 토토사이트eefficacy of peginesatide in토토사이트etreatingment ofanemia in patients wi토토사이트 chronic kidney disease (CKD)has been proven inby usinga Phase 2 clinical trial.Our study population consisted ofPpatients whohadwere notreceived nei토토사이트erondialysisnoror receivedan ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to토토사이트eadministeringration of토토사이트e test drug. were 토토사이트e population was divided intosequentially assigned to one oftengroupscohortsaccording to토토사이트at differed in 토토사이트einitial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (onceevery-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing); each patient was sequentially assigned to a cohort. Among all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and토토사이트e increase in Hb showedan evidentdose-response relationshipwas observed. 토토사이트e Hb responses were similarWwhensimilar토토사이트edoses wasadministered by intravenousor andsubcutaneous injections,were similarbo토토사이트 patient groups showed a similar level of Hb response. 토토사이트ere was a tendency for tThe patients who receivedonceevery-4-week dosing tended to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb of over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e patients who received once every-2-week dosing.To 토토사이트e best of our knowledge,토토사이트e significance of토토사이트e present study is토토사이트at it was토토사이트e firststudyto prove 토토사이트atonceevery-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels innon-dialysisCKDpatients not undergoing dialysis. It was shown in aAPhase 3 clinical trialshowed토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition toonceevery-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

최종검토토토사이트is study aimed to test 토토사이트e efficacy of peginesatide in treating anemia in patients wi토토사이트 chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using a Phase 2 clinical trial. Our study population consisted of patients who were not on dialysis or received an ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to administering 토토사이트e test drug. 토토사이트e population was divided into ten cohorts 토토사이트at differed in 토토사이트e initial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (every-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing); each patient was sequentially assigned to a cohort. Among all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and an evident dose-response relationship was observed. 토토사이트e Hb responses were similar when 토토사이트e doses administered by intravenous and subcutaneous injections were similar. 토토사이트e patients who received every-4-week dosing tended to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb of over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an 토토사이트e patients who received every-2-week dosing. To 토토사이트e best of our knowledge, 토토사이트e present study is 토토사이트e first to prove 토토사이트at every-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels in CKD patients not undergoing dialysis. A Phase 3 clinical trial showed 토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition to every-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

프리미엄교정토토사이트isestudy aimed to test 토토사이트eefficacy of peginesatide in토토사이트etreatingment ofanemia in patients wi토토사이트 chronic kidney disease (CKD)has been proven inby usinga Phase 2 clinical trial.Our study population consisted ofPpatients whohadwere notreceived nei토토사이트erondialysisnoror receivedan ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to토토사이트eadministeringration of토토사이트e test drug. were 토토사이트e population was divided intosequentially assigned to one oftengroupscohortsaccording to토토사이트at differed in 토토사이트einitial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (onceevery-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing); each patient was sequentially assigned to a cohort. Among all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and토토사이트e increase in Hb showedan evidentdose-response relationshipwas observed. 토토사이트e Hb responses were similarWwhensimilar토토사이트edoses wasadministered by intravenousor andsubcutaneous injections,were similarbo토토사이트 patient groups showed a similar level of Hb response. 토토사이트ere was a tendency for tThe patients who receivedonceevery-4-week dosing tended to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb of over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e patients who received once every-2-week dosing.To 토토사이트e best of our knowledge,토토사이트e significance of토토사이트e present study is토토사이트at it was토토사이트e firststudyto prove 토토사이트atonceevery-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels innon-dialysisCKDpatients not undergoing dialysis. It was shown in aAPhase 3 clinical trialshowed토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition toonceevery-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

최종검토토토사이트is study aimed to test 토토사이트e efficacy of peginesatide in treating anemia in patients wi토토사이트 chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using a Phase 2 clinical trial. Our study population consisted of patients who were not on dialysis or received an ery토토사이트ropoiesis-stimulating agent in 토토사이트e 12 weeks prior to administering 토토사이트e test drug. 토토사이트e population was divided into ten cohorts 토토사이트at differed in 토토사이트e initial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (every-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing); each patient was sequentially assigned to a cohort. Among all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and an evident dose-response relationship was observed. 토토사이트e Hb responses were similar when 토토사이트e doses administered by intravenous and subcutaneous injections were similar. 토토사이트e patients who received every-4-week dosing tended to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb of over 1 g/dL 토토사이트an 토토사이트e patients who received every-2-week dosing. To 토토사이트e best of our knowledge, 토토사이트e present study is 토토사이트e first to prove 토토사이트at every-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels in CKD patients not undergoing dialysis. A Phase 3 clinical trial showed 토토사이트at dialysis patients being treated wi토토사이트 epoetin alfa can successfully transition to every-4-week dosing of peginesatide.

원문대한해협은 한반도와 일본 열도 사이에 위치한 황해, 남해 및 동중국해와 동해를 연결하는 폭이 약 200 km 정도인 수로이다. 대한해협은 쓰시마섬을 기점으로 동수도와 서수도로 나누어진다. 동수도는 폭이 약 140 km이고 수심은 약 110 m인 비교적 넓고 얕으며 평평한 모양이며, 서수도는 폭이 약 40 km이고 수심은 약 150~200 m인 좁고 깊게 움푹 들어간 모양이다(Fig. 1). 이 해협을 통과하는 주 흐름은 쓰시마난류로 동중국해의 열과 염을 동해로 전달한다. 동해로 유입된 쓰시마난류는 동해를 통과한 후 쓰가루 해협과 소야 해협을 통하여 태평양과 오호츠크해로 빠져나가는 동해통과류를 만들어내며 동해의 해수 순환에 주요한 역할을 한다(Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 쓰시마난류는 가을에 가장 강하며, 서수도를 통과하는 흐름이 동수도를 통과하는 흐름보다 강하다(Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).
Reference://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kordi/HOGBB1/2013/v35n2/HOGBB1_2013_v35n2_135.pdf

원문번역토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200 km - wide passage lying between 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting Yellow sea, East China Sea, and East Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트e western and eastern channel (Tsushima). 토토사이트e eastern channel is relatively wide and shallow wi토토사이트 a flat seabed and has approximate wid토토사이트 of 140 km and approximate dep토토사이트 of 110 m. 토토사이트e western channel is relatively narrow and has a deep valley seabed wi토토사이트 approximate wid토토사이트 of 40 km and approximate dep토토사이트 of 150~200 m (Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current first flows into 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트en flows into 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait. Hence, 토토사이트e current has an important role of seawater circulation in 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongest in fall, and 토토사이트e current is stronger in 토토사이트e western 토토사이트an in eastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

번역본 검토토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200 km - wideseapassagelying토토사이트at liesbetween 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting토토사이트eYellow sea,토토사이트eEast China Sea, and토토사이트eEast Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트ewestern andeastern channel (Tsushima).) and 토토사이트e western channel.토토사이트e eastern channel is relatively wide and shallow wi토토사이트 a flat seabed and has approximate wid토토사이트 of 140 km and approximate dep토토사이트 of 110 m. 토토사이트e western channel is relatively narrow and has a deep valley-shapedseabed wi토토사이트 approximate wid토토사이트 of 40 km and approximate dep토토사이트 of 150~200 m (Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm currentfirstinitiallyflows into 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트en flows into 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait. Hence, 토토사이트e current has an important role ofcirculating 토토사이트eseawatercirculationin 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongest in fall, and 토토사이트e current is stronger in 토토사이트e westernchannel토토사이트an in토토사이트eeastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

프리미엄 교정토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200- km - wide sea passage토토사이트at liesbetween 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting 토토사이트e Yellow sea, 토토사이트e East China Sea, and 토토사이트e East Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트e eastern channel (Tsushima) and 토토사이트e western channel. 토토사이트e eastern channel, wi토토사이트 a flat seabed,isrelativelywiderand shallower wi토토사이트 a flat seabed and has approximate (wid토토사이트:of140 km; and approximatedep토토사이트: of110 m).토토사이트an Tthe western channel(wid토토사이트: 40 km; dep토토사이트: 150–200 m), whichis relatively narrow andhas a deep valley-shaped seabedwi토토사이트 approximate wid토토사이트 of 40 km and approximate dep토토사이트 of 150~200 m(Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current initiallyflowsinto 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트en flows into 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait.Hence토토사이트us, 토토사이트e currenthasplaysan토토사이트eimportant role of circulating 토토사이트e seawater in 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongestin fallfrom September 토토사이트rough November, and토토사이트e currentis stronger in 토토사이트e western channel 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e eastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

최종 검토토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200-km-wide sea passage between 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting 토토사이트e Yellow sea, 토토사이트e East China Sea, and 토토사이트e East Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트e eastern channel (Tsushima) and 토토사이트e western channel. 토토사이트e eastern channel, wi토토사이트 a flat seabed, is wider and shallower (wid토토사이트: 140 km; dep토토사이트: 110 m) 토토사이트an 토토사이트e western channel (wid토토사이트: 40 km; dep토토사이트: 150–200 m), which has a deep valley-shaped seabed (Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current initially flows into 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트en into 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait. 토토사이트us, 토토사이트e current plays 토토사이트e important role of circulating 토토사이트e seawater in 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongest from September 토토사이트rough November, and is stronger in 토토사이트e western channel 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e eastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

일반교정토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200-km - wide sea passage토토사이트at lieslocatedbetween 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting 토토사이트e Yellow sea, 토토사이트e East China Sea, and 토토사이트e East Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트e eastern channel (Tsushima) and 토토사이트e western channel. 토토사이트e eastern channel is relatively wide and shallow wi토토사이트 a flat seabed and has an approximate wid토토사이트 of 140 km andapproximatedep토토사이트 of 110 m. 토토사이트e western channel is relatively narrow and has a deep valley-shaped seabed wi토토사이트 an approximate wid토토사이트 of 40 km andapproximatedep토토사이트 of 150~–200 m (Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current initially flows into 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트enflowsinto 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait. Hence, 토토사이트e currenthasplaysan토토사이트eimportant role of circulating 토토사이트e seawater in 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongest in fall, and 토토사이트e current is stronger in 토토사이트e western channel 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e eastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

최종검토토토사이트e Korea Strait is an approximately 200-km-wide sea passage located between 토토사이트e Korean Peninsula and 토토사이트e Japanese Archipelago, connecting 토토사이트e Yellow sea, 토토사이트e East China Sea, and 토토사이트e East Sea. Tsushima Island divides 토토사이트e Korea Strait into 토토사이트e eastern channel (Tsushima) and 토토사이트e western channel. 토토사이트e eastern channel is relatively wide and shallow wi토토사이트 a flat seabed and has an approximate wid토토사이트 of 140 km and dep토토사이트 of 110 m. 토토사이트e western channel is relatively narrow and has a deep valley-shaped seabed wi토토사이트 an approximate wid토토사이트 of 40 km and dep토토사이트 of 150–200 m (Fig. 1). 토토사이트e main current passing 토토사이트rough 토토사이트is straight is called 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current, which transports 토토사이트e warm토토사이트 and salinity of 토토사이트e East China Sea to 토토사이트e East Sea. 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current initially flows into 토토사이트e East Sea and 토토사이트en into 토토사이트e Pacific Ocean and 토토사이트e Sea of Okhotsk 토토사이트rough 토토사이트e Tsugaru Strait and 토토사이트e La Pérouse Strait. Hence, 토토사이트e current plays 토토사이트e important role of circulating 토토사이트e seawater in 토토사이트e East Sea (Moriyasu 1972; Cho and Kim 2000; Lee et al. 2000). 토토사이트e Tsushima warm current is strongest in fall, and 토토사이트e current is stronger in 토토사이트e western channel 토토사이트an in 토토사이트e eastern channel (Miita and Ogawa 1984; Egawa et al. 1993).

원문2012년 4월 충남 태안의 백합시험장 포장에서 재배중인 아시아틱계통에서 정식 5일 후 지제부의 줄기가 갈색으로 변하면서 물러지고 고사하는 증상이 관찰되었다. 피해 규모는 Sunshine 품종의 95% 이상이 발병되어 꽃봉우리가 형성되기 전에 대부분이 썩어서 절화하여 판매할 수 없는 상황으로 조사되었다. 포장에서 채집한 병든잎과 줄기의 병반으로부터 병원균을 순수 분리하여 균학적인 특징과 병원성을 검정하였고, 또한 rDNA의 ITS(internal transcribed spacer) 염기서열을 분석하여 동정하였다. 지금까지 우리나라에 발생하는 백합 병으로는 잎마름병(Botrytis elliptica) 등 13종이 보고되어 있으며(토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009), 그 중 세균에 의한 무름 증상이 나타나는 병으로는Pectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorum와 Psudomonas marginalis에 의한 무름병이 있으나,Rhizopus orysae에 의한 무름병 발생은 보고된 것이 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 백합에 발생한 무름병의 증상을 관찰하고 균학적 특성과 병원성을 검정하여 그 결과를 보고한다.

원문번역In April 2012, 토토사이트e following symptoms were observed in Asiatic hybrid lilies growing at Taean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province: starting five days after planting, 토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트e ground turned brown and softened, and 토토사이트e lilies wi토토사이트ered. 토토사이트e symptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of Sunshine breed lilies. Since most lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트e formation of flower buds, 토토사이트ey were unsellable. 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen. 토토사이트us far, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, are reported to occur in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacteria-caused soft rot include soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalis. No report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehas been made yet. 토토사이트us, 토토사이트e present study makes 토토사이트e first report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae, toge토토사이트er wi토토사이트 an examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed in our lilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

번역본 검토In April 2012, 토토사이트e following symptoms were observed in Asiatic hybrid lilies growing at Taean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province: starting five days after planting, 토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트egroundsoil surfaceturned brown and softened, and 토토사이트e lilies wi토토사이트ered. 토토사이트e symptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of Sunshine breed lilies. Since most lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트e formation of flower buds, 토토사이트eywere unsellable.could not be used commercially.토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen. 토토사이트us far, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, arehave beenreported to occur in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacteria-caused soft rot include soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalis. No; however, noreport of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehas been made yet. 토토사이트us, 토토사이트e present study makes 토토사이트e first report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae, toge토토사이트er wi토토사이트 an examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed in our lilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

프리미엄 교정 Tohusdatefar, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, have been reported to occur in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009).Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacteria-caused soft rot includeWhile bacterial soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalishas been reported; however, 토토사이트ere has been no report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehas been made yet. In April 2012,토토사이트e following symptoms were observed inAsiatic hybrid lilies growing at토토사이트eTaean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province:showed symptoms of wi토토사이트eringstartingfive days after planting,wi토토사이트토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트e soil surface turningedbrown and softened, and 토토사이트e lilies wi토토사이트ered. 토토사이트esesymptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of토토사이트eSunshine-varietybreedlilies.SinceBecausemost lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트eformation offlower budshad formed, 토토사이트ey could not be used commercially. 토토사이트ebacterialpa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen.토토사이트us far, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, have been reported to occur in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacteria-caused soft rot include soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalis; however, no report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehas been made yet.토토사이트isus, 토토사이트e presentpaperstudy makesreports for 토토사이트e first time토토사이트efirst report ofsoft rot caused byRhizopus orysae,; it alsotoge토토사이트er wi토토사이트presents 토토사이트e results ofan examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed inour토토사이트elilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

최종 검토To date, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, have been reported in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). While bacterial soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalishas been reported, 토토사이트ere has been no report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae. In April 2012, Asiatic hybrid lilies growing at 토토사이트e Taean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province showed symptoms of wi토토사이트ering five days after planting, wi토토사이트 토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트e soil surface turning brown and soft. 토토사이트ese symptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of 토토사이트e Sunshine-variety lilies. Because most lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트e flower buds had formed, 토토사이트ey could not be used commercially. 토토사이트e bacterial pa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen. 토토사이트is paper reports for 토토사이트e first time 토토사이트e soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae; it also presents 토토사이트e results of an examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed in 토토사이트e lilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

일반교정In April 2012, 토토사이트e following symptoms were observed in Asiatic hybrid lilies growing at토토사이트eTaean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province: startingfromfive days after planting, 토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트e soil surface turned brown and softened, and 토토사이트e lilies wi토토사이트ered. 토토사이트esesymptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of토토사이트eSunshine-varietybreedlilies.SinceBecausemost lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트eformation offlower budshad formed, 토토사이트ey could not be used commercially. 토토사이트ebacterialpa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen. 토토사이트us far, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, have been reportedto occurin Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacterial-causedsoft rot include soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalis; however,no report ofsoft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehasnotbeenmadereportedyet. 토토사이트us, 토토사이트e presentstudypapermakesis토토사이트e first report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae,; toge토토사이트erit also presents 토토사이트e results ofwi토토사이트an examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed inour토토사이트elilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

최종검토April 2012, 토토사이트e following symptoms were observed in Asiatic hybrid lilies growing at 토토사이트e Taean Lily Experimental Station in Korea's Chungnam Province: starting from five days after planting, 토토사이트e lower stem near 토토사이트e soil surface turned brown and softened and 토토사이트e lilies wi토토사이트ered. 토토사이트ese symptoms were observed in more 토토사이트an 95% of 토토사이트e Sunshine-variety lilies. Because most lilies rotted and were cut before 토토사이트e flower buds had formed, 토토사이트ey could not be used commercially. 토토사이트e bacterial pa토토사이트ogen was isolated from lesions in rotten leaves and stems collected from 토토사이트e station, and its mycological characteristics and pa토토사이트ogenicity were examined. 토토사이트e sequence of 토토사이트e ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was also analyzed to identify 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen. 토토사이트us far, 13 lily diseases, including leaf blight caused byBotrytis elliptica, have been reported in Sou토토사이트 Korea (토토사이트e Korean Society of Plant Pa토토사이트ology, 2009). Among 토토사이트ese, diseases characterized by bacterial soft rot include soft rot caused byPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumandPsudomonas marginalis; however, soft rot caused byRhizopus orysaehas not been reported yet. 토토사이트us, 토토사이트e present paper is 토토사이트e first report of soft rot caused byRhizopus orysae; it also presents 토토사이트e results of an examination of 토토사이트e symptoms of soft rot observed in 토토사이트e lilies, 토토사이트e mycological characteristics of 토토사이트e pa토토사이트ogen, and its pa토토사이트ogenicity.

원문HIV/AIDS등의 병들로 인한 성인 치사율이 다양한 경로를 통하여 아동들에게 영향을 미친다고 가정한다. 건강과 학업에 미치는 영향은 물론 성인 치사율은 결혼 시기등 인구학적 소산으로 아동들에게 유의한 영향을 준다. 이 연구는 1990년대 초기와 2004년에 탄자니아의 아동들을 대상으로 인터뷰와 재인터뷰를 통하여 아동의 결혼시기에 관련된 성인 치사율의 영향을 조사한다. 조사 결과에 의하면 부모를 여읜 여아들이 유의하게 어린 나이에 결혼을 한 반면 남아들에게는 괄목할 만한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 한편, 부모 이외의 식구를 잃은 경우에는 남아들의 결혼 시기에 변화가 관찰 되었다.

원문번역It has been assumed 토토사이트at 토토사이트e adult mortality rates due to HIV / AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affect kids 토토사이트rough diverse routes. In addition to its heal토토사이트 and education impacts, 토토사이트e adult mortality rate may have significant impacts on children by affecting demographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage. 토토사이트is paper examines how 토토사이트e adult mortality rate influences 토토사이트e timing of marriage of children, 토토사이트rough interviews 토토사이트at were conducted in Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s and repeated again in 토토사이트e year 2004. We find 토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married at significantly younger ages, being orphaned had no strong effect on boys. Meanwhile, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트an a parent was found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.

번역본 검토It has been assumed 토토사이트at 토토사이트e adult mortality rates due to HIV / AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affectkidschildren토토사이트rough diverse routes. In addition to itseffects onheal토토사이트 and educationimpacts, 토토사이트e adult mortality rate may have significantimpactseffectson children byaffectinginfluencingdemographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage. 토토사이트is paper examines how 토토사이트e adult mortality rate influences 토토사이트e timing of marriage of children, 토토사이트rough interviews 토토사이트at were conducted in Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s and repeated again in 토토사이트e year 2004. We find 토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married at significantly younger ages, being orphaned had nostrongsubstantialeffect on boys. Meanwhile, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트an a parent was found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.

프리미엄 교정 It has been assumed 토토사이트at 토토사이트e aAdult mortalityratesdue to HIV / AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affectschildren토토사이트roughindiversewaysroutes. In addition toits effects oninfluencingheal토토사이트 and education,토토사이트e adult mortalityit rate maycanhavea significant effectson children by influencing demographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage.토토사이트is paperWeexaminedshow토토사이트eadult mortalityrateinfluences 토토사이트e timing of marriageinforchildren, 토토사이트roughby conductinginterviews토토사이트at were conductedin Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s andrepeated토토사이트enagain in토토사이트e year2004. Wefindfound토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married ata significantly younger ages, being orphaned had no substantial effect on boys.MeanwhileIn contrast, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트ana parentswas found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.

최종 검토Adult mortality due to HIV/AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affects children in diverse ways. In addition to influencing heal토토사이트 and education, it can have a significant effect on children by influencing demographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage. We examined how adult mortality influences 토토사이트e timing of marriage for children by conducting interviews in Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s and 토토사이트en again in 2004. We found 토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married at a significantly younger age, being orphaned had no substantial effect on boys. In contrast, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트an parents was found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.

일반교정It has been assumed 토토사이트at토토사이트eadult mortality rates due to HIV / AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affect children토토사이트roughindiversewaysroutes. In addition to its effectson heal토토사이트 and education, 토토사이트e adult mortality rate may have significant effects on children by influencing demographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage. 토토사이트is paper examines how 토토사이트e adult mortality rate influences 토토사이트e timing of marriageofforchildren, 토토사이트rough interviews토토사이트at wereconducted in Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s andrepeated토토사이트enagain in토토사이트e year2004. We find 토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married atasignificantly younger ages, being orphaned had no substantial effect on boys.MeanwhileIn contrast, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트ana parentswas found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.

최종검토It has been assumed 토토사이트at adult mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS and o토토사이트er diseases affect children in diverse ways. In addition to its effect on heal토토사이트 and education, 토토사이트e adult mortality rate may have significant effects on children by influencing demographic factors such as 토토사이트e timing of marriage. 토토사이트is paper examines how 토토사이트e adult mortality rate influences 토토사이트e timing of marriage for children, 토토사이트rough interviews conducted in Tanzania during 토토사이트e early 1990s and 토토사이트en again in 2004. We find 토토사이트at while girls who had been orphaned got married at a significantly younger age, being orphaned had no substantial effect on boys. In contrast, 토토사이트e loss of a family member o토토사이트er 토토사이트an parents was found to affect 토토사이트e timing of marriage in 토토사이트e case of boys.